Issues → November/December 2009 → Home and Garden →
Antiques: Dolls
Early American dolls by Izannah Walker
by Catherine Riedel
When I was 8 years old, my grandmother gave me a cloth doll for Christmas. Neither pretty nor fancy, she was plainly dressed in gingham, with yarn hair, button eyes, and a painted-on smile. She wasn't exactly fun or exciting, and I didn't play with her much.
But long after my other childhood toys had met their fate at the annual church bazaar, I felt compelled to keep this simple doll, well into my adult years. Fact is, I was truly saddened when one day I returned home from work to find that my black Lab, Greta, had shown her enthusiasm for the doll by ripping her face clean off. Bad dog!
Luckily for me and Greta, her value was purely sentimental. Had she been made in the 1870s, versus the 1970s, it would have been a whole different kind of loss--especially if she'd been made by Izannah Walker.
Izannah Frankford Walker was one of the earliest known American female doll makers--and a true New England character. Born in Bristol, Rhode Island, in 1817, Walker was orphaned at age 7 and went to live with relatives in nearby Somerset, Massachusetts. Little else is known about her early life, but accounts show evidence of her doll making as early as 1848.
Although she made her living in dolls, she dressed in overalls and lamented that she hadn't been born a man. Her skilled carpentry was admired by local townsmen. A tireless tinkerer, she made furniture, repaired household gadgets, designed a parlor heater that improved on the Ben Franklin design, bought and sold real estate, and even raised canaries.
By 1855 Walker had a thriving business making dolls, and in 1873, she patented the design for an unbreakable doll that was "inexpensive, could be easily kept clean, and was not apt to injure a young child." Her process included fusing several layers of fabric with glue or paste and pressing them into a mold to create the doll's face and head.
Once dry, they held their shape and could be sewn together, then stuffed with horsehair, cotton, paper, or rags and covered with a layer of stockinette. Cloth ears were attached, and Walker and her three sisters painted the dolls' delicate faces and dabbed on curls of hair. Finally, the heads were sewn to cloth bodies featuring stitched fingers and toes, applied thumbs, and sometimes painted-on boots.
Their sweetness and simplicity make Walker's work the "holy grail" among collectors of Early American dolls. They're also admired by folk art enthusiasts, perhaps because their faces resemble the primitive portraiture of Erastus Salisbury Field and William Matthew Prior, both Walker contemporaries. The style and features of certain Walker examples are so distinctive that some experts surmise they may have been painted as portrait dolls.
Most surviving examples of Izannah Walker dolls are girls, but several boys have also been found. In good condition, Izannah Walker dolls may fetch up to five figures at auction. One fine example sold at Skinner in 2006 for more than $27,000. Now that seems both fun and exciting.
Catherine Riedel represents Skinner Auctioneers and Appraisers of Boston and Marlborough, Massachusetts. 617-350-5400, 508-970-3000; skinnerinc.com
Reader Comments
Registered users can add comments.
Registration is free, and just takes a moment.
Login or Register.